By Adam J. Hansen
In the American fire service, it is essential that every member be a “jack of all trades and master of all.” Fire suppression, technical rescue, EMS, hazmat, etc.–the list of our roles and responsibilities continues to grow. We must stay in a constant state of readiness. At the start of our tour, firefighters must ensure we are prepared to perform any task that may present itself. With that said, the various tasks we perform have different shelf lives with respect to frequency of use. Some may be performed regularly, such as stretching a handline or disconnecting the battery of a vehicle. Other skills, such as those needed for high-angle rescue, may be used only once over the course of a member’s entire career. Whether it is a call your department runs daily or one you have never executed, the public doesn’t care. They are counting on us to get the job done. We must ensure a state of readiness to provide the highest level of service possible. I hate hearing “Oh, this is [Any Town, USA], it will never happen here.” Remember Murphy’s Law–anything that can happen, will happen. It might not be today or tomorrow, but given enough time, it will happen.
然而，在消防服务学科时，才能实现和维护这种全频谱的优势并不容易。唯一的方法是通过无数小时的质量培训，这将使我们精通能力，能够对最高标准进行每个操作。
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关键词是“质量”。为了确保质量，我们必须找到更现实的培训方式。例如，搜索一个没有面具的房间黑暗不是最有效的培训。您最后一次执行搜索的情况是什么时候，而不降低可见性？我们总有可以做的事情来使我们的钻探更加实质性和现实。
We hope never hear the term “Mayday” on the fireground. If called, we instantly know one of our members is in serious trouble. Are we prepared to handle a Mayday? Simply checking our packs at the start of tour, knowing the location of buddy breathing connections, and ensuring the rapid intervention team (RIT) pack is on the truck doesn’t mean we are ready. Some departments train more than others, but does that mean are we truly prepared to handle what could potentially be the worst day of our career?
(2)
我们经常在美女的操作中钻取在理想条件下，例如在具有质量照明和没有障碍或障碍物的开放设备地板上。我们经常审查RIT包，挂钩我们的好友呼吸，并删除了一个下落的消防员，但在理想的条件下再次删除了消防员。我不是确定的统计数据，但我会冒险猜测几乎所有叫做的五月天都不在最佳的环境中。由于零可见性，高热量，从崩溃的碎片等被调用，如果我们在不太优越的环境中回应五月天，而不是为什么不尝试创建我们预期运行的类似条件？
Roof Collapse Drill
Collect random objects:Go around your firehouse and collect random large objects that may be laying around the station or in storage, such as old bed frames, wooden pallets, plywood, 2x8s. You can also use equipment from your apparatus, such as a roof ladder or section of large diameter hose. These objects may be accidentally damaged in the drill, so choose only those where damage is acceptable.
Find open space:Find an open area large enough to perform the drill. Pull apparatus out onto the front apron or find an open-grassed area if available. If you are outside on the grass and worried about getting your gear muddy, you could always throw a tarp down…. But I’m pretty sure you’ll survive without it.
个人防护装备（PPE）：Have all members wear full PPE. That means bunker gear, helmet, hood, gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), and radio, exactly how it would be set up when working at an incident.
五月天消防员：Have one member in full PPE, on air, and with SCBA mask blacked out lay face down on the ground.
(3)
准备崩溃桩：Cover the Mayday firefighter with random objects found around the firehouse. Place the objects accordingly, attempting to create a “mock ceiling collapse.” Make it it difficult to access critical parts of the body; i.e. head, pass alarm, buddy breather, universal air connection (UAC), etc. In this scenario, the Mayday firefighter is trapped from a post ceiling or roof collapse.
（4）成员覆盖五月天的消防员，有大物体，相应地将其放在折叠碎片。
Apply pressure.有一个或两个成员将一只脚放在对象s covering the Mayday firefighter and apply slight pressure. The overall objective of this drill is to make our training more realistic. Attempt to make the Mayday firefighter feel a little uncomfortable. If caught in a collapse, one can only imagine that it would not be a pleasant experience. Have one member stay in constant contact with the Mayday firefighter to ensure they aren’t in any distress/discomfort or that the pressure/debris isn’t too strenuous. We are attempting to create “semi-uncomfortable conditions,” but the safety of our brothers and sisters is paramount and outweighs everything else.
（5）在用脚施加压力的同时，这种消防员也通过运行往复锯（没有插入刀片）来增加钻头的强度来充当额外的外部压力源。
Make noise/create stressful environment:If your RIT were operating to free a down firefighter, fire operations must continue. Crews need to stay on task and carry out their assignment. If crews were to abandon their assigned task and begin searching for the Mayday firefighter without being assigned, it’s almost certain the situation would only get worse. Crews still need to put water on the fire, ventilate, and perform all the other vital functions required on the fireground. During the drill, have members create external stressors–run the chainsaw, run a positive-pressure ventilation fan, open a nozzle near the collapse pile. Creating external noise will add stress and prove to make the evolution more realistic.
Call the Mayday:与调度协调并通知他们您正在培训，并将在收音机上调用五月天。根据您的部门的标准操作程序或指南，您可能必须切换到不同的频道或“周围谈话”。让Mayday Firefighter试图到达“远程MIC”，击中紧急警报按钮并按通话（PTT）。让他们也达到便携式收音机，并再次达到紧急警报（PTT），看看它们是否可以操作频率选择器旋钮。让Mayday Firefighter打电话给五月天。如果在折叠桩中固定，它们应该不容易移动臂并到达麦克风或收音机。对于那些没有思考的成员以及如何以及为什么他们在他们的方式佩戴他们的收音机，这可能是他们反思和确定最佳定位的完美时间。
(6) On this day of drilling, we opted to have the rescue firefighter locate the Mayday firefighter by following a hoseline to the nozzle.
RIT/Rescue Firefighter:With the Mayday firefighter covered, P.A.S.S. Alarm activated, and external noises sounding, lead the Rescue Firefighter to the edge of the collapse pile and have him begin to locate the Mayday firefighter. Ensure the rescue firefighter did not see the collapse pile being formed.; this will make locating the Mayday firefighter more difficult. Have him attempt to communicate with the Mayday firefighter, rotating through evolutions: simulate a conscious firefighter able to communicate/assist and an unconscious firefighter. The rescue firefighter will have to find void spaces within the collapse pile in order to gain access to the buddy breather, UAC, or any other means possible to secure air to the Mayday firefighter.
(7) The Rescue firefighter has gained access through a void space, located the Mayday firefighter’s buddy breather, and is making the connection.
Each evolution should provide a different experience, and feel free to adapt this drill to your company’s skill level. While performing this drill, some evolutions may go quick if void spaces happen to be closer to the buddy breather/UAC, whereas others may be prolonged due to positioning of the Mayday Firefighter, positioning of the collapse pile, or on account of other variables. Although it may be extremely frustrating at times, this drill is not meant to discourage members or create resentment. The purpose is to improve confidence, enhance abilities, and remind us of just how difficult making contact with and securing air on a firefighter trapped in a collapse would be. Reviewing and mastering the components of RIT and Mayday is a vital to firefighter survival. Taking our knowledge and equipment and creating a realistic yet stressful environment will prove to be most effective in preparing our members to perform the feet of rescuing a firefighter trapped in a collapse.
亚当J. Hansen是一名被分配到Milford（CT）消防部门的发动机7的中尉，他自2006年以来工作。他于1999年在康涅狄格州布兰福德的志愿者开始职业生涯。汉森在消防科学（消防局）有BS学位纽尚哈登大学的刑事司法中有一个未成年人。他是全国注册的护理人员，是在消防服务教练2，消防官2，事件安全官，泵运营商和空中运营商以及救援行动中的国家认证：沟渠。
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