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发动机公司OPS：液压通风

经过

Mark Van der Feyst

12.6.2018

经过Mark Van der Feyst

Ventilation is the process of removing smoke and hot gases and replacing them with fresh air. Most ventilation tasks fall under truck company operations; the exception is液压通风。发动机公司作为其消防职责的一部分进行液压通风，尽管它可以由任何导致内部抑制的消防部门进行。被认为是一种有效和快速的通风房间的方法，您可以只需一支双人团队操作手线的液压通风。

每当您使用掌握从喷嘴流水时，移动水都会产生气流。您可以将这些通风用于消除烟雾和热气体的优势。产生的空气流量大约相等（如果不大于），而不是通过正压风扇产生的空气量;这是大量的空气。这种气流的创建用于从房间绘制烟雾和热气体到结构的外部。

Hydraulic ventilation works best with small spaces such as bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchens, dens, and so on. Ventilating larger areas such as a great room or open-concept living areas may require assistance from a positive pressure fan or vertical ventilation. Hydraulic ventilation will help in larger areas, but it may take more time to notice the effects as opposed to smaller rooms, where you can notice immediate changes.

To conduct hydraulic ventilation, use an opening that goes to the exterior of the structure such as a window or doorway. Windows will be the more common exit point in rooms. Remove the window to provide for an exit path of the smoke and hot gases. Place the nozzle within two feet from the window. In photo 1, the firefighter is shown standing about two feet back from the window. From this position, he is ready to flow water from the nozzle in a fog pattern that will be 85 to 90 percent of the window opening. This means that the fog pattern should just be touching all four sides of the window’s interior frame. Also in photo 1, the firefighter is shown standing in front of the window, which is not the desired position. Remember, we can be an obstruction to the vent opening! In addition, notice the caution tape hanging down from the ceiling. This was put there to show the effects of hydraulic ventilation. If hydraulic ventilation is being conducted correctly, the air current will pull the caution tape toward the window, providing a great visual demonstration.

（1）作者照片。

In photo 2, the water pattern is carrying on and expelling all the byproducts of fire to the exterior.

（2）

不要通过站在门口或窗户前来阻挡通风口。该消防队员正在阻挡部分通风路径。在进行这项操作时，他应该跪在地上。请记住，这间房间刚刚用喷嘴流抑制着火，它会很热。站起来可能无法容忍。

Now, ask yourself, how many times do you get within two feet of the window to perform hydraulic ventilation? Most often, we will not be within that distance—we will be further back. In photo 3, I am demonstrating how a firefighter will be at the doorway attacking the fire in a room. Being at the doorway provides some thermal protection; the firefighters can use the wall to shield themselves from the heat while they apply their water streams. The distance from a doorway to a window will be greater than two feet, with an average distance of eight to 10 feet. Being a farther distance back from the window, we need to adjust our technique slightly to accomplish the same outcome.

（3）

As previously mentioned, moving water creates air currents like a mini positive pressure fan. With a distance from a window greater than two feet, and a fog pattern of 85 to 90 percent of the window opening being maintained, the opposite effect is created. We are creating a positive pressure fan effect, pushing the smoke and hot gases toward the window area and eventually back onto ourselves. This is accomplished by the size of the cone of air that is created by the nozzle and the fog pattern. The further back from the window, the bigger the cone of air becomes. Eventually, the cone of air will reach the window, but it will be larger than the window opening, pushing the smoke and hot gases off the wall beside, above, and below the window, allowing these to travel back toward the suppression team.

为了停止发生这种情况，将喷嘴图案缩小到宽雾到窄雾甚至一流的毛坯。在照片4和5中，选择为实现液压通风的流几乎是一条直流的。仍在创建空中电流，并将驱逐烟雾和热气体。这否定在火灾击倒后试图在试图通风时将喷嘴图案从直流调节到宽雾。这也表明，光滑钻孔喷嘴还将实现与自动组合喷嘴相同的结果。在照片5中，顶部的小心磁带被拉向窗口，几乎直的流。