格雷戈里·哈维尔（Gregory Havel）
辐射地板加热面板已安装了50多年。最常见的类型使用嵌入混凝土或轻质混凝土中的细管来循环温水以使地板变暖并温暖其上方的空气，并用相对较低的温度水加热整个房间。几十年前使用的管道通常是柔性的铜。如今，使用聚乙烯（PE或PEX）管。这些地板通常用坚硬的表面材料（例如瓷砖，石头或木材）完成，因为它们比地毯更容易进行热量和辐射热量。
Today, radiant floor heating panels are often installed on the floors of wood框架buildings and are supported by lightweight construction methods: oriented strand board (OSB) or plywood supported by parallel-chord wood trusses or I-joists.
Photo 1 shows polystyrene insulating board that is formed to hold the PEX tubing in place. Thismethod当辐射地板面板是混凝土板一级的一部分时，通常会使用。当辐射面板是未加热的爬网空间或车库上方的地板的一部分时，也可以使用它。
(1) Photos by author.
照片2显示了连接到其标头的PE管。供应和返回管道将连接到每个标头左侧的黄铜配件。上标头具有一排可调流量器flow通过构成辐射地板面板的多个管子。
（2）
照片3显示了正在建造的二楼辐射面板。该规范要求将乳胶蒸气屏障与油漆滚筒一起涂在胶合板地板的顶部。然后将两个X 4纵梁粘在地板上，因为该楼层将用舌和槽硬木木板完成。Plasticchannels were then screwed to the plywood between and around the stringers to hold the PEX tubing in place.
（3）
照片4显示了轻巧之后相同的辐射地板面板concrete倒入，嵌入管道并制成水平的地面表面。
（4）
Photo 5 shows the underside of the same radiant floor panel. Note that thisplywood地板得到I-toists的支持。
（5）
These I-joists are doubled in this building to支持The additional dead load imposed by the radiant floor heating panel. Following are specs:
- PEX tubing embedded in lightweight concrete with wood stringers: seven to 10 pounds per square foot (34.17-48.82 kg/m3).
- 硬木地板板：每平方英尺4磅（19.53 kg/m3).
其他可能的权重地面finishes:
- Carpet and padding: one pound per square foot (4.88 kg/m3).
- Ceramic瓦或者Thin terrazzo: two to 10 pounds per square foot (9.76-48.82 kg/m3），取决于瓷砖或水磨石及其泥土的厚度。
这些辐射地板加热面板对消防员来说是危险的，尤其是在下面的空间中发生火灾，尤其是当下面的空间是地下室或地窖，没有石膏或石膏干墙板天花板以保护托梁。轻巧的混凝土具有足够的完整性和质量已经被烧毁了，轻质混凝土准备在消防员的重量下倒塌。
This phenomenon is not new. For decades, the collapse of wood-supported concrete, tile, and terrazzo floors in century old buildings has been the subject of discussions by authors of magazine articles and books, including the following:
- Vincent Dunn’s燃烧建筑物的崩溃，PGS。86-88（1988）和2nd版本（ISBN-10：1-59370-233-7）。
- 弗朗西斯·布兰尼根（Francis Brannigan）的3路edition of消防服务的建筑，第152和336页（1992）。
- IFSTA’s与消防服务相关的建筑建筑2nd版本，第99和101页（1999）。
- 弗朗西斯·布兰尼根（Francis Brannigan）的4Thedition of消防服务的建筑,第171和231页（2008）。
- John Norman’s消防官的战术手册，4Thedition, pages 425-428 (2012) ISBN: 978-1-5937-0279-3.
- 弗朗西斯·布兰尼根（Francis Brannigan）的5Thedition of消防服务的建筑,pages 342-343 (2015) ISBN: 978-1-4496-8894-3.
Although today’s radiant floor heating panel is thinner and lighter than the floors discussed by these authors, the joists that support them are of lightweight construction materials and methods that also have less mass and burn through faster than the sawn lumber joists and subfloors of the past. The end result of a fire below one of these floors is the same.
Based on the more recent history of firefighter fatality and injury because of the collapse of these radiant floor heating panels, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that we do the following:
- 与我们进行商业建筑相同的大型房屋，因为它们的尺寸相同或更大，使用相同的材料和施工方法，并将消防员暴露于相同的危险中。
- Use TICs during size-up and search.
- 训练以识别轻质材料和施工方法的建筑物。
- 训练在大火上工作的风险和危害。
- 在我们的预计划中记下笔记。如果桁架或I-咖啡师支持辐射地板加热面板，则不要在火上奔波，因为桁架和I-咖啡师在火中迅速失败，辐射地板加热面板的重量以及听起来这些地板的虚假读数。
如果我们的资源不允许对大型房屋进行预先计划，我们需要制定标准的操作程序或指南，以纳入NIOSH建议。
如果我们不知道是什么支持消防大楼中的地板，那么我们今天必须像使用轻质的建筑材料和方法建造，直到证明这一假设是错误的。许多较旧的建筑物已经使用轻巧的建筑材料和方法进行了翻新，包括地板托梁。我们的生活可能取决于这一假设。
One of the reports by NIOSH discusses an incident in Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 2006 in which a company officer died in the line of duty and a paramedic firefighter was seriously injured and disabled when a radiant floor heating panel supported by lightweight construction collapsed under them while they performed a primary search, dropping them into a fully-involved basement. Read this report athttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face200626.html或者http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/pdfs/face200626.pdf.
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Gregory Havel属于伯灵顿镇(WI)火德partment; retired deputy chief and training officer; and a 35-year veteran of the fire service. He is a Wisconsin-certified fire instructor II, fire officer II, and fire inspector; an adjunct instructor in fire service programs at Gateway Technical College; and safety director for Scherrer Construction Co., Inc. Havel has a bachelor’s degree from St. Norbert College; has more than 35 years of experience in facilities management and building construction; and has presented classes at FDIC.
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