建筑问题:天然气和丙烷

经过格雷戈里·哈维尔(Gregory Havel)

For the purposes of this article, I will discuss the use of natural gas and propane [liquefied propane (LP)] gas in buildings under construction, in buildings undergoing renovation, and in the temporary structures that are found on construction job sites including scaffold enclosures.

In permanent structures, natural gas is carried by pipe from the utility company meter to the location of the heating appliances. Natural gas from utility companies is lighter than air and is odorized.

在临时结构和正在建造或翻新的建筑物中,可以通过管道从公用事业公司计量仪表或额定天然气的软管从公用事业公司仪表中携带,以便将天然气压力用于加热用具的位置。这些管道和软管必须得到适当的支撑,并且必须保护不受损坏,包括脚和车轮交通。必须定期检查软管,管道和连接以获取泄漏。

有关的:Liquefied Natural Gas: A New Urban Legend?您应该知道的有关气体泄漏的知识您应该知道的有关气体泄漏的知识

永久和临时结构,LP气体usually stored in horizontal tanks outside the structure (photo 1) at a distance from the structure. In Photo 1, note the frost on the bottom third of the tank that indicates the approximate amount of LP that is left in the tank.

(1)作者的照片。

燃料的LP气体比空气重,并被气味。它是通过管道或额定的LP气体的软管从储罐中运送到加热设备的。与天然气一样,这些管道和软管必须得到适当的支撑和保护,并免受损坏,包括脚和车轮交通。也必须定期检查与天然气相似的软管,管道和连接。

对于燃料需求较小的临时热量和电器,还使用垂直圆柱体。照片2显示了一个小的对流型敞开式燃气加热器,该加热器由与100磅(45千克)LP缸相连的软管提供。

(2)

Ideally, the hose should be long enough for the tank or cylinder to be located outside the building or temporary structure. However, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes and standards contain an exception and additional requirements for temporary heat on construction job sites.

根据NPFA 58,液化石油燃气法规,,,,2014 edition:

6.2容器的位置。
6.2.1LP-GAS容器应位于建筑物外部,除非专门允许它们位于建筑物内。
6.2.2LP-GAS容器应仅适用于以下应用中的建筑物:(1)圆柱体中规定的圆柱体
6.20

6.20.2在建筑物,建筑屋顶和外部阳台中使用的气缸,设备,管道和电器的其他设备要求。
6.20.2.1气缸应符合以下内容:

(1)每个圆柱体不得超过245磅(111千克)的水容量[标称100磅(45 kg)丙烷容量]。

(2)Cylinders shall comply with other applicable provisions of Section5.2,它们应按照部分提供5.7

(3)圆柱应按照5.2.8.15.2.8.2

(4)Cylinders with propane capacities greater than 2 lb (0.9 kg) shall be equipped as provided in表5.7.4.1(d),在室内使用时,应为蒸气服务提供多余的流阀。

((5) Cylinder valves shall be protected in accordance with5.2.6.1

(6)具有大于2.7磅(1.2 kg)并连接的水能量的圆柱体应站在牢固的表面上。

(7)必要时应处于直立位置的圆柱体。

(8)圆柱体及其使用的阀门保护设备应定向,以最大程度地减少撞击缸和邻近气缸上压力释放装置的可能性。

6.20.2.6*便携式加热器,包括sal剂,应符合以下内容:

(1)便携式加热器应配备经批准的自动设备,以关闭气体流向主燃烧器的流动,并在火焰灭火或燃烧失败时(如果使用)(如果使用)。

(2)便携式加热器应自支撑,除非为气缸安装设计。

(3)Portable heaters shall not be installed utilizing cylinder valves, connectors, regulators, manifolds, piping, or tubing as structural supports.

((4)具有超过50,000 BTU/HR(53 MJ/hr)输入的便携式加热器应配备必须点亮和证明的飞行员,然后才能打开主燃烧器或经过批准的电点火系统。

Additional requirements apply to the heaters used during construction, remodeling, and in temporary structures. From NFPA 58, 2014 edition:

6.20.4.2在公众部分占用的建筑物或正在建设的建筑物或进行重大翻新的建筑物或建筑物中的使用和运输,应由具有管辖权的当局批准。
6.20.4.3气缸,设备,管道和电器应符合
6.20.2
6.20.4.4Heaters used for temporary heating shall be located at least 6 ft (1.8 m) from any cylinder. (See
6.20.4.5除此之外。)
6.20.4.5专门设计用于将加热器连接到气缸或附着在圆柱体上的支撑标准的整体加热器缸单元,并设计和安装以防止直接或辐射热施用圆柱体的直接或辐射热应免于限制的间距要求
6.20.4.4
6.20.4.6鼓风机型和辐射型单元不得针对20英尺(6.1 m)内的任何气缸。
6.20.4.10遵守规定
6.20.4.6通过6.20.4.9在拥有管辖权的当局批准后,应允许不切实际,替代安装规定。

照片3显示了正在建造的建筑物内使用的较大的开放式加热器。

(3)

该加热器具有可互换的燃烧器孔口,因此它可以使用天然气或LP,电子燃烧器控件,电气点火和风扇在整个结构中水平分配热量。这种类型的加热器的燃油需求量很大,可以由额定的天然或LP气体,公用事业公司气表或结构外的大型LP储罐提供的软管提供。请注意,加热器是一个双钢管,与双壁金属烟囱组件类似,因此减少了向工人燃烧的可能性,因此可能意外接触燃烧器外部的可燃物较少可能点燃。

Photo 4 shows a pair of these heaters in a temporary structure supported by scaffolding for the winter protection of new masonry construction.

(4)

照片5显示了建筑工作现场临时供暖系统的改进。

((5)

照片5中显示的加热单元具有一个燃烧室,带有天然气燃料供应(黄色柔性管)和电源(盘绕的黄色绳索),燃烧气对液体热交换和循环泵,所有泵都位于外面正在建造的建筑物。通过大型软管,将加热的防冻剂从建筑物外部的加热单元循环到建筑物内部的终端单元(照片6),每个单元都包含加热线圈和风扇,以使温暖的空气在整个空间中循环。

((6)

This type of temporary heating system has the following advantages:

  • 燃料在结构外存放并燃烧。
  • 由于没有燃烧气体释放到结构中,因此通气要求大大减少,因为一氧化碳不是问题。
  • 由于没有燃烧气体释放到结构中,因此燃烧气中的水蒸气不会在表面上凝结或饱和未完成的建筑材料,从而为承包商提供更好的质量控制。

NFPA 241,维护施工,更改和拆除操作的标准,2013 Edition, outlines the requirements for fuel and temporary heating appliance safety in Chapter 5.2. The same information is located in NFPA 1,Fire Code,2015版,第16.2章,在NFPA 58中,,,,2014版。

All of these codes and standards provide that some of the decisions on temporary heat and fuel installations are to be made by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). State statutes, local ordinances, and legally-binding administrative rules indicate when these decisions can be made by the AHJ or are included additional rules that make the decisions for us. It is up to us to know how the codes and standards are to be implemented and enforced in our state or municipality for the protection of the lives and property we are sworn to protect.

NPFA代码和标准可在NFPA网站上进行审查。它们也可以在您当地的技术学院图书馆或您当地的消防部门或消防局使用。

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格雷戈里·哈维尔(Gregory Havel)is a member of the Town of Burlington (WI) Fire Department; retired deputy chief and training officer; and a 35-year veteran of the fire service. He is a Wisconsin-certified fire instructor II, fire officer II, and fire inspector; an adjunct instructor in fire service programs at Gateway Technical College; and safety director for Scherrer Construction Co., Inc. Havel has a bachelor’s degree from St. Norbert College; has more than 35 years of experience in facilities management and building construction; and has presented classes at FDIC.

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