Photo by Tim Olk.
托德·J·莱德克（Todd J. Leduc）
下面的图表（图1）2011年的研究表明，垂直攀爬中消防员体重指数（BMI）的稳定进展应为许多消防部门发出警报。这种趋势与相关研究（例如火焰研究）一致，该研究表明，美国消防员每年增加三磅体重。这些事实中的一些也与普通人群（例如与我们的学龄儿童”中所看到的趋势一致，并且在公共卫生范围内也令人不安。我们进行了坚实的研究，表明肥胖显着提高了心血管疾病和中风，高血压，糖尿病和癌症的风险。
FIGURE 1. Study Chart for Firefighter Body Mass Index
The prevalence of obesity in the fire service transcends provider types such as career, volunteer, or combination departments. In fact, the prevalence of excess weight is actually higher than general population controls, i.e., nonfirefighters. We can attribute this to the rigors of fire service profession, which includes shift schedules, abnormal sleep cycles, stress effects, and poor nutritional habits, among other factors (Figure 2).
图2.消防局突然心脏死亡的应力因素
The complicating factor for this excess weight in firefighters is compounded by the cardiovascular and physiological strains of firefighting. Research work done by Dr. Denise Smith from Skidmore College and Dr. Stefanos Kales of Harvard University has been able to demonstrate the changes that occur within the body during the course of rigorous fireground operations. Their work certainly explains why the majority of cardiovascular events and line-of-duty deaths occur on the fireground during fireground operations. A succinct pictorial of the changes that occur within your body during exposure to fire operations are pictured above. So, what actions are needed from here for firefighters to survive and not “flame out”?
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Physiological changes occur during the stresses of firefighting. Preventative actions include proper nutrition and conditioning to ensure that unhealthy excess weight is not putting you at further risk. Proper hydration is also an important factor such as substituting water for sugar or caffeinated drinks. When controlled, modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, elevated blood sugars, and high cholesterol are all dramatically linked to the reduction of cardiovascular events.
Finally, routine annual medical examinations are imperative for firefighters. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1582,消防部门综合职业医疗计划的标准, guides clinicians in the care and examination of firefighters. The International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) Safety, Health and Survival Section (SHSS) has developed a guide to implementing 1582 which is available online athttp://www.iafcsafety.org/?navItemNumber=612.
Additionally, the IAFC SHS is working on a project to develop a simple template for health care providers as to the appropriate examination and care of firefighters that is modeled after NFPA 1582 and the IAFF/IAFC Wellness Fitness Initiative that will be available soon.
我们从这里去哪里？当然，可以解决一些可控因素，以减少您和您的消防员的火灾风险。评估可控危险因素（例如体重，高血压或高血压，血糖升高以及LDL胆固醇升高）的基本医学检查和筛查是一个很好的开始，应每年进行。一项监督和适当的体育锻炼计划也是Fireground生存的必要条件。今天就开始，不要成为另一个可预防的统计数据！
托德·J·莱德克（Todd J. Leduc）, MS, CFO, CEM, FIFirE, is a 26-year veteran of and an assistant chief with the Broward County (FL) Fire Service, a career internationally accredited metro department of 750 members. He has served as the elected secretary of the board for the International Association of Fire Chief’s Safety, Health & Survival Section. LeDuc is also a peer reviewer for the Center for Public Safety Excellence’s agency accreditation and professional credentialing. He can be contacted attjlbcems@aol.com.
