By Gregory Havel
能源的缺点ervation systems were developed in the 1970s, when the price of energy (electricity and fuels) increased so rapidly that it became a fiscal necessity to shut off lights and reduce the heating and air-conditioning needs in unoccupied spaces in buildings.
Photo 1 shows one type of early energy-saving device that is still in common use today because it is required by building and energy efficiency codes. This device installs in a single-gang light-switch box and incorporates a motion sensor and a timer.
(1) Photos by author.
当占用小型办公室或洗手间时，设备会打开灯光。几分钟后，如果未检测到活动，它会关闭灯光。如果房间被占据并且灯熄灭，可以通过向传感器挥手来打开它们。也可以使用方形按钮手动操作灯。
Photo 2 shows another type of motion sensing device that is commonly used in larger spaces like classrooms and open office areas and which is usually mounted on the ceiling, usually controls the lights in the room, and sometimes reduces the ventilation and heat or air conditioning in the room when it is unoccupied.
(2)
Photo 3 shows a modern type of light switch that is being used in hotels and some office buildings. This type of light switch is installed at the entrance to an office or a hotel room. Lights and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) are activated by inserting the door’s key card (or, in some cases, the employee’s photo ID) in the vertical slot next to the switch.
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当员工的卡从开关中的插槽中删除时，在短时间内延迟后，房间灯会关闭房间的灯，并且通风和HVAC被简化为预设的“无空置”设置。
(3)
These first two energy conservation devices should be of interest to firefighters since lights and HVAC may be activated or deactivated independently of the manual switches that we may flip when entering a room. Even if the lights do not go on when we flip the switches, the fixtures and wiring may still be energized.
The third type of device should be of interest because lights and HVAC controls may not work when we are searching an area, but they may still be fully energized and waiting only for the insertion of a key card or a short circuit from fire within a wall overheating control cables. If the space we are searching has this type of device, and the lights and HVAC suddenly turn on without any action on our part, this could suggest that there is fire or products of combustion in a concealed space, creating more problems than we may have anticipated.
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Gregory Havel是伯灵顿镇（WI）消防局的成员；退休的副局长兼培训官；以及一名35年的消防人员资深人士。他是威斯康星州认证的消防教练II，消防官II和消防检查员；Gateway技术学院消防计划的兼职讲师；Scherrer Construction Co. Inc.的安全总监Havel拥有圣诺伯特学院的学士学位；在设施管理和建筑建设方面拥有超过35年的经验；并已在FDIC介绍课程。
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