由Mark Van der Feyst
Ground ladders are one of the basic tools firefighters use on the fireground, and sometimes we may overlook their importance. We may not train on them regularly, and when it comes time to use one, it may look as if this is our first time using a ground ladder. Knowing how to work our ground ladder is important and will aid us in making our job easier.
There is a well-known video that has been circulating for a few years showing a firefighter falling off a ground ladder. It is tilted “Improper Ladder Heeling.” This video shows two firefighters using a 12-foot ground ladder to gain access to the roof of a garage. Onene firefighter is heeling the ladder from the underside of it using both of his hands on the beam to hold the ladder from kicking out. The other firefighter then starts to climb up the ladder to the roof.
梯子已正确设置为正确的角度;屋顶线上方有三到五个梯级，但梯子踢出去，消防队员落到地上。这发生在消防员到达梯子的顶部时。当他把脚放在距离屋顶线上方的梯子上时，梯子踩着梯子的消防队员走开了，从而允许梯子踢出去。视频停止，我们看到伤害的性质和对梯子后跟的消防员的反应。
(1)
有很多方法可以跟踪地面梯子。我们在消防服务似乎倾向于迈向上面描述的方法。在大多数基本的培训课程中，我们看到消防员在照片中看到的梯子。在我们的大多数教科书中，我们看到这种方法最多。脚跟地梯子的其他方式是通过使用我们的脚在屁股上的梁上从前方脚跟。另一种方式是在站在地面梯子前面有底部梯级。
Why do we choose to always go behind the ground ladder to heel it? Why are we instructing our future firefighters to heel ground ladders from behind? Although this may be an acceptable practice, it is quite dangerous.
When a firefighter heels a ground ladder from behind, they are unable to view the entire operation. They are only able to see the beginning stages of the operation, but not the end of it. This was the case in the aforementioned video. The firefighter who was heeling the ground ladder from behind was only able to see the beginning stages of the climbing operation, but was unable to see the finishing stages of the climbing operation. As soon as the firefighter who was climbing the ground ladder cleared the view of the heeling firefighter, the heeling firefighter walked away.
他看不到的是，攀登消防队员只有两个远离梯子并进入屋顶。这是梯子踢出的原因，攀登消防队员落下。我们无法查看所有方式来查看整个操作。当我们穿着我们的全卷轴装备时，我们的SCBA和我们的头盔，我们受到了我们的能力直接看起来。一些消防员的头盔击中了SCBA圆筒的顶部，而其他的头盔则阻止了他们与前沿的一部分视图。无论哪种方式，操作的视图都被阻碍，因此成为疏松地面梯子的危险方式。
Another aspect that is dangerous when heeling a ground ladder from behind is that we are exposing ourselves to falling hazards. Often firefighters carry hands tools to help us with our assigned task, and these hand tools may fall. Gravity is working against us every time we are carrying up a hand tool. We get tired, lose our grip, and suddenly our hand tool is falling to the ground. Depending on how it is falling, there is a very good chance that it will hit the head of the heeling firefighter.
当我们从地面梯子打破玻璃时，那个玻璃落在腿部消防员的顶部。消防员自然希望看到正在发生的事情，所以我们抬头。你有没有听过讲师告诉你，当你从后面踩一个地面梯子时不要抬头？这是因为你没有下降的工具，破碎的玻璃，落下的碎片，以及落在你的脸上。当你抬起头来时，你会露出颈部，嘴巴和眼睛，无论如何都可以下降。
如果爬梯子开始滑倒或在攀登时失去平衡怎么办？胸部消防员从后面迅速才能停止攀登消防员掉落？不是很快！如果需要立即帮助怎么办？脚跟消防员可以迅速从地面阶梯后面的那个位置帮助他吗？
磨牙梯子的最佳方法是从前面。通过进入地面梯形图，我们可以查看整个操作。我们也能够查看整个建筑物。这使我们能够不断监控情况的条件和活动。无论我们是脚跟在屁股的斜梁还是底部的梁上都是后梯子，我们仍然实现了阻止梯子踢出的相同安全目标。
(2)
In photo 2, we can see this in action. Here the heeling firefighter can view the entire operation from start to finish. He will also be out of the way of any falling debris. The heeling firefighter in this position can also assist the climbing firefighter by preventing them from falling.
（3）
As seen in photo 3, the heeling firefighter can quickly climb up the ladder to pin or stop the climbing firefighter from falling off the ground ladder. This will work within distance of one section. If you have two or three sections of distance between the heeling firefighter and the climbing firefighter, then you will not be able to reach them safely in time.
下次进行梯形训练时，尝试将前后疏松方法纳入您的日常生活。比较两种方法来查看差异，并考虑从前面的后跟的方式可以制作更安全的操作。
In the Training Minutes video above, Mike Ciampo explains some of these concepts.
Mark van der Feysthas been in the fire service since 1999 and is a full-time firefighter in Ontario, Canada. He is an international instructor teaching in Canada, the United States, and India, and at FDIC. He is a local level suppression instructor for the Pennsylvania State Fire Academy and an instructor for the Justice Institute of British Columbia. He is also the lead author of Residential Fire Rescue (Pennwell).
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