By Mark van der Feyst
在消防通信起着至关重要的role in how well a fire department responds, reacts, and conducts itself in its day-to-day operations. A breakdown in communications leads to a dysfunctional fire department or fireground. The fire services uses different types of communications with which we should all be familiar and well versed such as written, face-to-face (photo 1), electronic, and radio.
In the station, we are exposed to written, face-to-face, and electronic communications. Written communications will include memos, communiques, e-mails, bulletins, and so on. These are usually posted somewhere for all to see or they may be directed at one person. Either way, there is time for the receiver to read the item and gain an understanding of it.
(1) Photos by author.
还有时间提出澄清的问题，并就书面材料的内容进行讨论。电子通信将以手机，短信（个人或组）或社交媒体帖子发送的电子邮件形式。这些类型的沟通（通常）将针对一个人或有访问媒体的人。该信息将简短而甜美，几乎没有解释或讨论的空间。电子通信的想法是与一个或多个人进行快速对话。
On the firegound, we are limited to certain types of communication such as radio, electronic, and face-to-face. Portable radio is the most common type of communication for most firefighters. A portable radio allows a team of firefighters to remain in contact with the incident commander (IC) as well as each other; it is a lifeline for the firefighter working on the fireground. Without it, they are left to more primitive ways to communicate such as face to face. The portable radio gives distance to the working crew by allowing it to be farther away from the IC and still be able to report back to him or receive messages. Knowing how to use the portable radio correctly is the key to effective fireground communications.
今天，我们还具有使用手机或移动设备的优势。我们可以在火场上使用这种先进的技术，但容量有限。室内人员将无法使用这些设备，但是外部部门官员和整个指挥官都可以使用。这使这些成员可以即时结果进行通信，而无需便携式无线电。这也将使内部工作人员有足够的时间出于其目的。
Out of all the ways to communicate with a person or persons, face-to-face is the best. It allows the receiver and the sender to have instant acknowledgement from each other when passing on information, asking a question, or giving an order. Facial expressions as well as body language are also used in this method to convey or receive messages. There is an opportunity to clarify the message to obtain a full understanding of it. The downside to face-to-face communication is that it reduces the distance at which a crew can work from the IC or sector officer. As a result, crews and officers must maintain close proximity with each other to remain in contact.
The same goes for interior crews working with a limited number of portable radios or if their portable radios fail. Defaulting back to traditional face-to-face or verbal communications will be the only to communicate with each other. For some firefighters, this is a lost art, where dependence on the portable radio is all they know. So, train on how to communicate on the fireground when the portable radio fails or is lost during an interior operation to reinforce the traditional skills needed when the time comes…and it WILL come because a portable radio is powered by a battery, which itself WILL fail.
当消防员在火场上使用便携式收音机时，通信会变得混乱或难以跟随；这是由于几个原因。一种是10个代码的用法。当国家事件管理系统（NIMS）成立时，使用了10条消防局中的10个代码。在悲剧发生在9/11之后，创建并实施了NIMS。那天和随之而来的沟通分解导致采用和使用一种称为“纯文本语言”的通用语言，这是我们用来允许的日常语言，或者人们可以互相交流。如果不同的消防部门在火灾中共同努力，他们将能够使用纯文本语言互相交谈。
Within NIMS there are also provisions for common terminology that we need to use on the fireground. Certain terms such as sectors, divisions, geographical designations of buildings (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, and Delta), “roger,” “acknowledge,” and “over” are terms we used to reduce the amount of confusion over the airwaves when trying to communicate by a portable radio or other means.
在火场上沟通混乱的另一个原因是由于消防员在试图讲话时大喊大叫。当发件人发出一条消息时，他正在广播中大喊大叫时，它将作为扭曲的消息接收到接收者，想知道说什么。这可能是由于传输时无线电对嘴的定位不当。说话时，请避免将无线电/麦克风直接放在嘴前（照片2）。还要避免在讲话时避免将无线电/麦克风“吞下”收音机/麦克风降低喉咙。取而代之的是，将无线电/麦克风握在距离嘴巴约两英寸的45°角，您将发送更清晰的消息。
（2）
If you are wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus face piece, make sure the radio/mic is positioned at the communication portals on the face piece which allow you to speak clearly and not sound muffled. Holding your breath while relaying the message may also help; this is where you inhale a breath of air, then speak a few words, inhale again, and speak a few more. The removal of the breathing sounds helps to amplify the message transmission.
另一种方法是在说话时将无线电/麦克风直接固定到面部镜头的镜头上。这需要将收音机接近眼睛的镜头外部。随着无线电/麦克风与镜头直接接触，发送消息的接收器更加清晰。传输时，请避免在火场上的其他收音机之间反馈。当所有机组人员都有便携式收音机并试图传输时，这可能会发生这种情况。反馈会扭曲消息。因此，传输消息时，请远离其他收音机。
在火场上使用这些简单但基本的步骤将提高传输的质量，并消除所有人的混乱因素。
马克·范·德·费斯特自1999年以来一直在消防部门，是加拿大安大略省的一名全职消防员。他是加拿大，美国和印度以及FDIC的国际教练。范德·费斯特（Van der Feyst）是宾夕法尼亚州立消防学院的地方镇压教练。188博金宝体育1他还是住宅消防救援（Pennwell）。
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