住宅搜索：自满和优先事项

在回答住宅大火的警报时，响应公司必须解决许多任务和优先事项。最重要但经常被忽视的策略之一是第一个到达公司可能面临的各种潜在救援方案。

第一个到达公司所面临的主要决定是公司官员必须自己决定的事情，无论是否保持警报分配的余额响应第三代码，或者减慢它们的速度或什至取消第一个警报分配的余额。

许多消防队员熟悉火就是ce axiom that states the first five minutes will decide the outcome of the entire incident. Unfortunately, in spite of this truism, it is all to common to hear radio traffic that downgrades the response or even cancels the balance of the alarm assignment when the first company arrives on scene and finds nothing showing from the exterior of the structure. More times than not, this radio report usually happens before there are firefighters inside the occupancy. “Engine 1 is arriving at a two and a half story single occupancy dwelling. There is nothing showing. All companies with the exception of Engine 1 can cancel.”

这是一种每天在全国各地重复数百次的情况。激活的住宅警报是任何消防部门的典型响应。而且，随着受监测的住宅警报的扩散，这种类型的响应正在变得越来越多。遗憾的是，这种情况的现实是，超过80％的电话是错误的警报，最终会在消防员内部产生缺乏的态度。硬币的另一侧与这些激活的住宅警报并驾齐驱的是，当确实有起火时，所有消防员死亡的人中有66％发生在住宅火灾事件中，该事件可能由一条攻击线控制，并且初始大小的报告是“什么都没有显示”。

对激活的住宅火灾警报响应的公司官员的正确和负责任的战术行动是，使所有响应公司的代码3保持在消防员实际上可以访问该占用率之前，或者至少可以将内部形象可视化并验证没有紧急情况。基于旁观者的信息或对最后二十个错误警报的行动做出战术决策是不负责任且不专业的，这种行为将恢复到困扰。此外，响应公司和官员必须考虑到他们可能无法完全拥有调度员收集的所有信息。

此外，第一个到达的公司官员取消警报任务的余额只是在两分钟后以非常兴奋的方式重新分配警报分配的余额是多么不负责任？

响应公司总是可以放慢到代码1的速度，甚至取消后警报状态是经过验证由消防员inside结构。考虑一下，公众会发现，发现一名被评估的警官然后从银行取消的情况下，就从停车场发出警报，而没有真正进入银行？然而，这就是许多消防公司每天对住宅火灾警报做出回应时所做的事情。

让所有响应法规3的派遣公司似乎浪费了时间和资源，尤其是考虑到住宅占用中的错误警报比例很高。但是，在消防部门提供的所有服务中，了解未来不是其中之一。每个警报都必须视为实际紧急情况，直到可以经过验证作为虚假警报。因此，可以成功地认为，自满是许多实际的住宅火灾中最大的贡献因素，在这些火灾中，平民和/或消防员被杀。

Firefighters that are operating in an investigative mode at activated residential fire alarms must do so ready to go to work. That means members are wearing full p.p.e. and s.c.b.a., as well as carrying a full compliment of hand tools that should include, at a minimum, a set of irons (eight pound flat head ax and Halligan bar), the can (a pressurized two and a half gallon water extinguisher) and a six-foot hook (pike pole). Engine Company personnel must be preparing for immediate deployment of handlines while the officers ascertains the nature of the call. Also, all members should be equipped with portable radios and flashlights. An activated residential alarm must be treated as an actual emergency until firefighters have verified the situation. Complacency kills and firefighters without hand tools are nothing more than well dressed spectators.

While operating in the investigative mode firefighters have already initiated the search phase of the operation. During the search firefighters are actively looking for something, whether the search is for fire, assessing interior conditions, searching for victims or all of the above.

在工作居民大火期间对受害者进行主要住宅搜查时，操作消防员必须特别注意将他们的努力集中在住宅占用范围内的高目标地区。高目标区域是住宅占用率的地点，即需要救援的受害者最有可能通过搜查消防员找到。

优先顺序的高目标领域是：

1. In direct proximity to the main/front door to the occupancy
2. 卧室
3. The bathrooms

从涉及大火的住宅占领中救出的绝大多数受害者通常位于靠近占用大门的地方。这是乘员最有可能使用的门。这些是在被有害环境克服时试图退出/自我救援的乘员。由于人类在危机时刻依靠并诉诸于习惯，因此住院居民通常会试图逃离居住的大门。他们一直使用的那个。

The second most likely place for victims in need of rescue to be located is in the bedroom area. Most people that are aware of a fire will usually attempt to self-rescue. Those occupants that are unable to self rescue and those that are unaware of the fire would be those occupants that are asleep, sick, intoxicated or invalid.

When searching the bedroom firefighters must search but not actually enter the closets that are located in the bedrooms. Closets and all that they contain are potential entanglement and death traps for firefighters. Because closets become impromptu areas of refuge for frightened children, searching members should quickly sweep and probe the closet interior with their hand. Firefighters must not use tools to probe the interior closet space; probing blindly with tools is very dangerous to the victim. Whereas using a hand to search the closet interior will afford the best opportunity for the firefighters to identify objects as apposed to the time consuming guesswork of judging and evaluating what is being encountered through the shaft of a blindly probing steel tool. Moreover, the speed at which the primary search is carried out is这消防员进行营救的基本因素。

消防员还应该意识到，不仅孩子在混乱和充满活力的事件中躲藏起来。老年人会多次以幼稚的方式采取行动，以应对这些超动力的情况，并在感知危险或被大火捕获时躲藏或忽略条件。

Lastly and most overlooked by firefighters during the primary search are the bathrooms. Residential occupancy bathrooms must be searched because trapped victims are drawn to them for the misguided belief that this location is a safe haven. Victims wrongly believe that the tub, the shower spray or the tile will provide and element of safety for them while they await rescue. Searching members must be sure to investigate those areas within the bathroom that they cannot visualize; i.e. the interior of the tub/shower. A simple shower curtain can cause a victim to be missed during the primary search. To avoid this mistake firefighters need only to place their hand into the tub/shower area as they pass by during the search.

在回应住宅火灾警报或进行住宅搜索消防员时，必须保持警惕，并防止所有人最严重的敌人；自满。遵循既定的部门程序并遵循安全指南将确保响应者的安全有效。必须将住宅火灾警报视为实际紧急情况，直到另外证明并验证。当消防员是对住宅占用的主要搜索时，高目标区域必须是他们努力的最初重点。